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Containers possess packaged, ready to deploy applications or parts of applications, and if necessary middleware and business logic to run those applications. Containers will hold only the necessary binaries required by any application to run.
#HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING LINPACK BENCHMARK FULL#
The Hypervisor based virtualization employs a full guest OS in each virtual machine along with the necessary binaries and libraries for the applications. The time required to create and deploy containers is very less compare to the virtual machine manager based systems. When compared to traditional virtualization, since containers do not use separate OS instances, it requires less CPU, memory and storage, thus the same host can incorporate more number of virtualized containers. The Linux features such as namespaces, chroot and cgroups provides secure execution of containers in the same kernel. Multiple isolated containers are run on a single host with sharing a single kernel. Container virtualization allows to deploy and run applications without creating separate VMs for each user. Virtualization technique based on the OS level offers a model called Container Virtualization as a solution to all these overheads, which gives near native performance. This overhead and limitation results in insufficient adaptability to the HPC environment. The guest OS in VMs creates calls to the hypervisor rather than direct communication with the hardware, which causes some reduction in application performance. Here virtualization services are mainly provided through virtual machines (VM), but this creates an additional overhead due to the running of a fully installed OS. One of the popular techniques involves a Hypervisor (Virtual Machine Manager). There exists different kinds of virtualization techniques. The overhead associated with virtualization hindered its usage in HPC environments. Virtualization materializes the task by creating separate customized virtual environments of the system based on the requirements of each user. As a solution for this, virtualization was adopted for HPC. This is not an easy task in traditional HPC systems. The requirements of each user or organization will be different, which demands the creation of customized environments without affecting others. Traditional HPC clusters are composed of many separate dedicated servers called nodes and may be shared among different organizations. Based on the position of the virtualization layer, virtualization can be of different types like full virtualization, paravirtualization and OS level virtualization. Virtualization is the technology which enables users to share a single entity among a group of users. One of the most recent services provided through the cloud is high performance computing (HPC) environments for the complex applications. Presently, in the world of cloud computing, it is the era of XaaS (Anything-as-a-Service) which means that the providers offer a wide variety of services. Cloud is a pool of resources shared among number of users. The end-users vary from naive clients to expertised technicians.
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In this work, we explore the feasibility of this inter-operable Rkt container in high performance applications by running the HPL and Graph500 applications and compare its performance with the commonly used container technologies such as LXC and Docker containers.Ĭloud computing is being used for innumerable applications these days. The High Performance Linpack Library and the Graph500 are the commonly used computation intensive and data-intensive benchmark applications respectively. High performance applications consist of CPU-intensive and data-intensive applications.
![high performance computing linpack benchmark high performance computing linpack benchmark](https://images.anandtech.com/reviews/it/2007/barca/Linpack8.gif)
The differences in the stack of the Rkt containers suggest better support for high performance applications. There has not been much research on how the Rkt environment is suited for high performance applications. The recently introduced CoreOS Rkt container technology overcomes these shortcomings of Docker. While Docker is widely used, it has certain pitfalls such as security issues. Currently, several industries have adopted container technologies such as Docker. Containers are advantageous over virtual machines in terms of performance overhead which is a major concern in the case of both data intensive applications and compute intensive applications. Recent developments in virtualization, especially the OS container based virtualization provides a solution that employs a lightweight virtualization layer and promises lesser overhead. The overhead in the virtualization layer was one of the reasons which hindered its application in the HPC environment. Impacts of virtualization employed in high performance computing (HPC) has been much reviewed by researchers. Virtualization is rightly referred to as the backbone of cloud computing. Cloud computing is the driving power behind the current technological era.